P1 洋娃娃的历史

　　P2 工作压力 Stress in Workplace

　　P3 大蜥蜴

　　朗阁雅思名师高川川点评

　　1. 疫情之后的第一场纸笔考试，本次考试的难度总体中等，没有出现大规模配对题，也没有出现Heading题，主要以常规的填空，判断和选择题为主。文章的话题和题型搭配也是在剑桥真题中都有迹可循，所以真题吃透非常必要。

　　2. 整体分析：涉及社会类(P1)、管理类(P2)、动物类(P3)。

　　本次考试的三篇文章重复2015年10月24日雅思考试的原篇，但是题目略有改动。P1是常规的填空+判断篇章，两种顺序题型搭配出现，加上话题难度和题目难度不大，应该是容易得分的篇章。备考的同学可以在剑桥系列中大规模进行模拟，保证做题时间和正确率稳定。P2是管理类的话题，介绍了工作压力的问题，难度中等。题型上也延续19年的出题特点，出现配对题，考察定位速度和准确度。主要题型搭配是人名观点配对+单选+Summary填空。P3也是有序题型的搭配，主要是判断+填空+单选。三种题型难度不大，但是文章理解起来略有难度。

　　3. 部分答案及参考文章：

　　Passage 1：洋娃娃的历史

　　题型：填空+判断

　　技巧分析：对于这类顺序题型结合的篇章，在答案的分布上会存在两种情况：篇章完全正序，也就是各个题号和文章答案对应位置的顺序完全相同，这样定位起来只需要按照题目给出的顺序去做题，定位要求低。另外一种答案对应位置虽然在单个题型内有顺序，在篇章中位置有交叉，这样就要求学生在做题时最好使用平行阅读法，在定位某一段信息时，兼顾可能出现的所有题目，而不是只定位其中一个题型。

　　参考答案：

　　1. clay

　　2. goddesses

　　3. movable limbs

　　4. peg wooden dolls

　　5. wax

　　6. pulped wood / paper

　　7. china

　　8. TRUE

　　9. NOT GIVEN

　　10. TRUE

　　11. FALSE

　　12. TRUE

　　13. 待确认

　　Passage 2：工作压力 Stress in Workplace

　　题型：人名观点配对5+单选3+Summary填空6

　　技巧分析：人名观点的配对注意定位时关注全称和姓，并且这篇文章中人名是按照文章顺序给的，相对难度小。这样的篇章答案在全文的分布是不按照顺序来，所以在定位时，可以多练习如何最大化利用已读信息来确定答案，尽量避免重复阅读，以保证充分的做题时间。

　　参考答案：

　　14. A

　　15. D

　　16. B

　　17. D

　　18. C

　　19. B

　　20. D

　　21. A

　　22. workplace injury

　　23. 16.6 weeks

　　24. 7%

　　25. golf

　　26. massage

　　27. workloads

　　参考文章与题目：

　　A How busy is too busy? For some it means having to miss the occasional long lunch; for others it means missing lunch altogether. For a few, it is not being able to take a “sickie” once a month. Then there is a group of people for whom working every evening and weekend is normal, and frantic is the tempo of their lives. For most senior executives, workloads swing between extremely busy and frenzied. The vice-president of the management consultancy AT Kearney and its head of telecommunications for the Asia-Pacific region, Neil Plumridge, says his work weeks vary from a “manageable” 45 hours to 80 hours, but average 60 hours.

　　B Three warning signs alert Plumridge about his workload: sleep, scheduling and family. He knows he has too much on when he gets less than six hours of sleep for three consecutive nights; when he is constantly having to reschedule appointments; “and the third one is on the family side”, says Plumridge, the father of a three-year-old daughter, and expecting a second child in October. “If I happen to miss a birthday or anniversary, I know things are out of control.” Being “too busy” is highly subjective. But for any individual, the perception of being too busy over a prolonged period can start showing up as stress: disturbed sleep, and declining mental and physical health. National workers’ compensation figures show stress causes the most lost time of any workplace injury. Employees suffering stress are off work an average of 16.6 weeks. The effects of stress are also expensive. Comcare, the Federal Government insurer, reports that in 2003-04, claims for psychological injury accounted for 7% of claims but almost 27% of claim costs. Experts say the key to dealing with stress is not to focus on relief – a game of golf or a massage – but to reassess workloads. Neil Plumridge says he makes it a priority to work out what has to change; that might mean allocating extra resources to a job, allowing more time or changing expectations. The decision may take several days. He also relies on the advice of colleagues, saying his peers coach each other with business problems. “Just a fresh pair of eyes over an issue can help,” he says.

　　C Executive stress is not confined to big organizations. Vanessa Stoykov has been running her own advertising and public relations business for seven years, specializing in work for financial and professional services firms. Evolution Media has grown so fast that it debuted on the BRW Fast 100 list of fastest-growing small enterprises last year – just after Stoykov had her first child. Stoykov thrives on the mental stimulation of running her own business. “Like everyone, I have the occasional day when I think my head’s going to blow off,” she says. Because of the growth phase the business is in, Stoykov has to concentrate on short-term stress relief – weekends in the mountains, the occasional “mental health” day – rather than delegating more work. She says: “We’re hiring more people, but you need to train them, teach them about the culture and the clients, so it’s actually more work rather than less.”

　　D Identify the causes: Jan Elsnera, Melbourne psychologist who specializes in executive coaching, says thriving on a demanding workload is typical of senior executives and other high-potential business people. She says there is no one-size-fits-all approach to stress: some people work best with high-adrenalin periods followed by quieter patches, while others thrive under sustained pressure. “We could take urine and blood hormonal measures and pass a judgment of whether someone’s physiologically stressed or not,” she says. “But that’s not going to give us an indicator of what their experience of stress is, and what the emotional and cognitive impacts of stress are going to be.”

　　E Eisner’s practice is informed by a movement known as positive psychology, a school of thought that argues “positive” experiences – feeling engaged, challenged, and that one is making a contribution to something meaningful – do not balance out negative ones such as stress; instead, they help people increase their resilience over time. Good stress, or positive experiences of being challenged and rewarded, is thus cumulative in the same way as bad stress. Elsner says many of the senior businesspeople she coaches are relying more on regulating bad stress through methods such as meditation and yoga. She points to research showing that meditation can alter the biochemistry of the brain and actually help people “retrain” the way their brains and bodies react to stress. “Meditation and yoga enable you to shift the way that your brain reacts, so if you get proficient at it you’re in control.”

　　F The Australian vice-president of AT Kearney, Neil Plumridge, says: “Often stress is caused by our setting unrealistic expectations of ourselves. I’ll promise a client I’ll do something tomorrow, and then promise another client the same thing, when I really know it’s not going to happen. I’ve put stress on myself when I could have said to the clients: ‘Why don’t I give that to you in 48 hours?’ The client doesn’t care.” Over-committing is something people experience as an individual problem. We explain it as the result of procrastination or Parkinson’s law: that work expands to fill the time available. New research indicates that people may be hard-wired to do it.

　　G A study in the February issue of the Journal of Experimental Psychology shows that people always believe they will be less busy in the future than now. This is a misapprehension, according to the authors of the report, Professor Gal Zauberman, of the University of North Carolina, and Professor John Lynch, of Duke University. “On average, an individual will be just as busy two weeks or a month from now as he or she is today. But that is not how it appears to be in everyday life,” they wrote. “People often make commitments long in advance that they would never make if the same commitments required immediate action. That is, they discount future time investments relatively steeply.” Why do we perceive a greater “surplus” of time in the future than in the present? The researchers suggest that people underestimate completion times for tasks stretching into the future, and that they are bad at imagining future competition for their time.

　　Question 1-5

　　Use the information in the passage to match the people (listed A-D) with opinions or deeds below.

　　Write the appropriate letters A-D in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.

　　NB You may use any letter more than once.

　　A Jan Elsnera

　　B Vanessa Stoykov

　　C Gal Zauberman

　　D Neil Plumridge

　　1.Work stress usually happens in the high level of a business.

　　2.More people’s ideas involved would be beneficial for stress relief.

　　3.Temporary holiday sometimes doesn’t mean less work.

　　4.Stress leads to a wrong direction when trying to satisfy customers.

　　5.It is not correct that stress in the future will be eased more than now.

　　Question 6-8

　　Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

　　Write your answers in boxes 19-21 on your answer sheet.

　　6. Which of the following workplace stress is NOT mentioned according to Plumridge in the following options

　　A. Not enough time spend on family

　　B. Unable to concentrate on work

　　C. Inadequate time of sleep

　　D. Alteration of appointment

　　7. Which of the following solution is NOT mentioned in helping reduce the work pressure according to Plumridge

　　A. Allocate more personnel

　　B. Increase more time

　　C. Lower expectation

　　D. Do sports and massage

　　8. What is point of view of Jan Elsnera towards work stress

　　A. Medical test can only reveal part of the data needed to cope with stress

　　B. Index somebody samples will be abnormal in a stressful experience

　　C. Emotional and cognitive affection is superior to physical one

　　D. One well designed solution can release all stress

　　Question 9-14

　　Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer.

　　Write your answers in boxes 9-14 on your answer sheet.

　　Statistics from National worker’s compensation indicate stress plays the most important role in 9......... which cause the time losses. Staffs take about 10........ for absence from work caused by stress. Not just time is our main concern but great expenses generated consequently. An official insurer wrote sometime that about 11...... of all claims were mental issues whereas nearly 27% costs in all claims, Sports Such as 12....... as well as 13....... could be a treatment to release stress; However, specialists recommended another practical way out, analyses 14....... once again.

　　Passage 3：大蜥蜴

　　题型：单选5+判断4+填空4

　　参考答案：待补充

　　考试预测

　　1. 本场考试整体难度不大，话题相对容易理解，基本还是延续19年的考试趋势，篇章搭配类型也都能够在剑桥真题中找到对应的练习，所以认真做剑桥真题是高分必备。本场考试配对题不多，类型上也只出现了最简单的人名观点配对，下场考试除了常规的填空，判断，选择题之外，要重点预警段落细节配对和前后句的配对，注意这两种题目的定位，题干信息分析和与原文的替换点，同时控制做题时间，保证第三篇文章有充分的时间。19年List of Headings出现的频率大概是1-2次/月，如果对Heading题还是存在疑问的同学，注意下场考试前也要再去复习和巩固Heading题的中心句确定或者段落重心的确定，保证正确题量稳定在目标分数内。

　　2. 下场考试的话题可能有关历史类，考古类和管理类。

　　3. 重点浏览2015和2018年机经。