朗阁老师汇总托福高分替换词
朗阁老师汇总托福高分替换词
在 ETS 规定的托福独立写作评分标准中，有一项是针对词汇和表达的，同样托福写作想要拿高分，在词汇的应用上也要有一定的技巧，今天南京朗阁老师整理了一些托福写作重点词汇的高分替换，看看 ETS 考官更喜欢什么样的表达~希望对大家的写作有帮助~
高分重点托福写作同义词替换
国内考生常用的表达更得分的表达方式
名词
1things that one tries hard to doone's undertakings/
one's commitments
2The fact is that…The reality is that…
3joyhappiness/ delight/ enjoyment
4sadnesssorrow/ grief
5dangerhazard/ peril (后面这个词语气很强，
危险程度非同一般) [派生]
dangerous;hazardous
6education≈schooling (指学校教育，
家庭教育则用upbringing/ parenting)
[区分]家庭教育的两个词
upbringing是从孩子的角度说的，
比如children's upbringing;
而parenting是从家长的角度来说，
比如sensible parenting.
7advertisement/ advertising如果你写过关于广告的题目，
就一定体会过不停轮换使用
advertisement/ advertising
有多郁闷。其实主体段论证中
完全可以把广告类细化，比如
commercials(电视或者互联
网上的广告)，flyers
(传单广告，北京最常见的
形式就是“135****，办证”)，
billboards(大幅的广告牌)或者
non-profit advertisements=
public-interest advertisements
(公益广告)
8carautomobile
9economic crisiseconomic meltdown
(很接近)/recession
(这个一般仅仅还是衰退)
/the Great Depression
(这个则是特指1929年开始的那次了)
10famous peoplecelebrities (单数为celebrity)
11human beings(备考生使用过多)humanity(注意这个词的单
数指人类，复数指人文学科)
/the human race
12wealthfortune(s) (fortune
作财富的意思时可以加复数)
13[相关] richwealthy/ affluent (adj.)
14skill≈technique(注意这个词的
正确解释是技能或者方法，
而不是technology科技)
15[派生] skilledadept/ adroit (adj.)
16methodmethodology (国外学术
写作中超级常用的词，
基本就是method的故作高深版)
17fieldsphere/ domain/ arena
18understanding of≈ grasp of/ command of
19choiceoption
20cooperation≈collaboration
21basic structure in a city or a countryinfrastructure
22tiredness for a long timefatigue
23is a must ofis a prerequisite for
(是……的必备先决条件)
24the Internet≈the information highway
(一篇考生作文里Internet被
使用十几次是常事儿)
25honesty≈integrity
26strong belieffaith (in)
27aimintention
28worriesanxieties (是的，这两个
词的确都可以加复数)
29influenceimpact/ repercussion/
implication
30influence on each othermutual influence(类似
的表达还有mutual respect,
mutual trust和mutual
understanding/ interaction
between A and B/
interplay between A and B
31many different kinds of…a variety of…/
a wide array of…/
a wide range of…
32wrong ideas held by many peoplemisconceptions
33fameprestige/
sterling reputation
34range≈spectrum
35sense≈ recognition
36partcomponent
(这个词不仅指零件，
在学术写作中也经常指“部分”)
37wise[相关] sensible (adj.)
38gapdisparity
39a system for a particular purpose≈ a mechanism for…
40a solution to sth.a remedy for sth.
(生活中经常指一种病
的治疗方法，但学术写作
中经常用来指某种问题的
解决方法，注意搭配的介词不同)
41bad students≈ unruly students/
disruptive students
42bad behaviorunethical behavior/
immoral behavior
43organizations that help poor peoplecharities/
charitable organizations
44differencedistinction
45[派生] be different frombe distinct from (adj.)
46personindividual
47personality≈ disposition
48businessesenterprises(这里指企业)
49prices that are too highexorbitant prices
50the rate of…the incidence of…
(后面一般跟坏事儿，
比如unemployment/
crime/ a disease)
51intense enthusiasmzeal/ passion
52cultural globalization(有过多人使用这个词)global cultural
homogenization
53a thing that is necessarya necessity
54a thing that is new and interestinga novelty
55a thing that is rarea rarity
56things that people are not sure aboutuncertainties
57a world languagea universal language
58friendscompanions
59relaxation≈ recreation
60self-respect≈ self-esteem and dignity
61respect sb./ sth.hold sb./ sth. in high regard
62[反义] look down on…treat … with
contempt = despise (v.)
63self-controlself-discipline
64criminalconvict
65prisonerinmate
66drinks≈ alcoholic beverages
67people who walk on the streetpedestrians
68old generations in historyancestors
69a person who benefits from sth.a beneficiary of sth.
70a disease that spreads quicklyan epidemic
(注意这个词虽然是-ic结尾，
却不是形容词)
71a very unpleasant way of lifemisery
72a task that requires lots of effortan arduous task
73emotion≈ sentiment
74enemy≈ opponent/ foe
75narrow mindsinsular minds
(狭隘的头脑或者观念)
76a way to do sth.an approach to doing sth./
an avenue towards sth.
77hobby≈ pastime/ diversion
78progressprogression
(经常指抽象的进步，
比如写关于society/
career/ technology的话题)
79failuresetback(注意作名词的时候中间不要加空格)
80importancesignificance
(当你用了一次importance之后，
第二次不妨用这个)
81dutyobligation
(用于比较重要的责任)
82difficultyhindrance/
impediment/
hurdles
83pressure from your classmatespeer pressure
84citizens who can worklabor force/
workforce
(都是总体概念，而且注意后
面这个词的标准写法中间没有空格)
85problems or diseases that exist for a long timepersistent problems/
chronic diseases
86a life without regular exercisea sedentary lifestyle
87resultconsequence
(表示消极的结果更多一些)
88thoughts≈ considerations
89the lack of knowledgeignorance
(注意在地道英文里，
这个词经常并不表示“忽视”，
而是表示“无知”)
90harm (n.)adverse effect
91harm (vt.)damage destroy/ ruin
(这两个词比damage程度更重)
spoil(后面跟the cityscape/
scenery/ environment)
undermine
(后面跟抽象概念，
比如stability/ social order/ harmony)
jeopardize (后面跟抽象概念，
比如one's future/ one's career)
tarnish
(后面跟one's reputation/ image)
sap/ dampen
(后面跟one's enthusiasm/
interest/ confidence)
92[派生] harmfuldetrimental (adj.)
93[派生] be harmful to≈ pose a threat to
94bad luckmisfortune
95troubleadversity/
dilemma/
predicament/ hardship
96crimeoffense/ criminal act
97youth crime≈ juvenile delinquency
98criminaloffender/ ≈
culprit/ ≈
perpetrator
99serious crimeheinous crime/
felony
100a minor crimea misdemeanor
101shortage (of)scarcity (of)/
dearth (of)
102the only onean exception
103places where animals livehabitat
形容词
104worrying≈ disturbing
105very popularprevalent/
ubiquitous
106TRUEgenuine
(truly a genuinely)
107deepprofound
(深刻的，后面经常跟wisdom/
truths/ understanding/
impact/ thoughts)
108strongpowerful/ mighty
109weak≈ vulnerable
110hard-workingindustrious
(注意不是industrial，
而diligent那个词在
美语中是个挺大的词)
111very disappointinglamentable/ pathetic
112be good (for)be beneficial (to) =
be in the best interests (of)
113be not as good asbe inferior to
114be better thanbe superior to
115uninterestingmundane
(注意这个词其实再
美国很多时候并不是
“世俗的”意思/humdrum
116manynumerous(注意要跟可数名词)
117complicatedintricate
118strangeodd/ bizarre/
eccentric
(单weird有点过于口语化了)
119cannot be turned backbe irreversible
120produce useful resultsproductive
121practical≈ realistic
122maturesophisticated
(这个词指人的时候
意思是思维成熟老练的)
123selfishself-centered/
materialistic
124proud (贬义)conceited
125suitablefitting
126most suitableoptimal
127lonelyisolated/ alienated
128alonesolitary
129be easily influenced by sth.be susceptible to sth.
(一般是坏事情，
比如a disease/ attacks)
130is better thanis superior to
131not as good as…is inferior to
132be the samebe identical/
be homogenous/
be uniform
(后面两个词比较正式，
一般是说cultural
globalization的时候常用，
现在理解为什么小幅的名词叫
school uniforms了吧，
就是让大家都看起来一
样的衣服)
133interesting≈ stimulating
134boring≈ monotonous/
repetitive
135uselessredundant
136smartintelligent
137famousrenowned
138positive≈ desirable/
encouraging
139happydelighted
140enjoyabledelightful
141can be usedbe available
142hard to understandbewildering/
baffling/
confusing
143(laws/ rules/ people) not strictlenient
144healthywholesome
(注意说人的健康还是
要用healthy，
但是如果说事物有益健康，
就可以用wholesome)
145good for the envrionmenteco-friendly
比如Biking is far more
eco-friendly than driving
their SUVs.)
146nervous/ anxious≈ apprehensive
147doubt sth.be skeptical about sth.
148fair≈ justified
149unfair≈ unwarranted/ unjustifiable
150hugeenormous/ massive/
vast/ colossal
151smalltiny/ miniscule
(后面一般跟抽象名词)
152have many different abilitiesbe versatile/ be well-rounded
153be familiar withbe well-acquainted with
154very successful/ admirabledistinguished
155properappropriate
156typicalquintessential
(这个语气非常强)
157exactprecise/ ≈ accurate
158uglyunsightly
159poor-qualitysubstandard
(housing/ accommodation/
work/ goods/ machines)
160the present…the current…/
the existing…
(比如the current financial
crisis/ the existing
environmental problems)
161outdatedantiquated/ obsolete
162highly-respectedesteemed
163complete(adj.)/ wholeentire
164spend a lot of moneylead an extravagant/
a lavish life
165openenlighted/ progressive
(开明的，逐步的，经常用来
形容govern-ment 或者society)
166sth. must be carried outsth. is compulsory/
sth. is mandatory
167with long historytime-honored
(后面经常跟抽象名词，
比如tradition/ practice/
methods/ heritage)
168continuing foreverperpetual
169importantsignificant
essential
vital
(这三个词的重要性依次递增)
170very attractivevery appealing/
fascinating/
captivating
171very carefulcautious
172be very interested inbe absorbed in/
be engrossed in
173be qualified forbe eligible for
174disappointingfrustrating
175wrongerroneous
176long and a bit annoyinglengthy
177very difficultdaunting/
formidable
178being spread in uncontrolled wayrampant
(后面经常跟负面现象，
比如crime, pollution
或者discrimination)
179cruel≈ inhumane/
merciless
180fatoverweight/ obese
(后面这个已经胖出病了)
181having wrong opinionsskewed/ biased
(这两个词一般在媒体类话题使用，
表示“有偏见的”)
182including many thingscomprehensive
(综合的，全面的)
183enoughadequate/
sufficient/
ample/
abundant
(注意这四个词的语气是逐渐递增的)
184too muchexcessive
185very littleminimal
(注意不是minimum)
186cause bad effectscounterproductive
(其实地道英文写作
里这个词不见得和生
产有关，只要阻止人们达
到目的，都可以写它
counterproductive)
187strictstringent
(后面一般跟laws,measures或者rules)
188urgentpressing (problems)
189quiettranquil and serene
(美语中这两个词经常
可以连在一起用)
动词
190make sth. strongstrengthen/
fortify/
reinforce/
consolidate sth.
191make sth. weakweaken/ erode (侵蚀)
192make sth. betterenhance/
better
(很少看到国内考生用
better当动词，
其实在学术写作中
better sth.是挺常见的表达)
193make sth. worseaggravate/
exacerbate sth.
194control…(a negative trend)curb…(crime/
pollution/
economic recessions)
195stopcease
196manage sth.≈ regulate sth./
oversee sth.
197appearemerge/ arise
(后者的主语一般是抽象概念，
比如debate)
198die outgo extinct
199fail to seeneglect/
overlook
200set…freerelease (prisoners/
stress)
201begincommence/ initiate
(后者跟抽象概念更多，
比如initiate the conflict)
202narrow/ bridge the gap between A and B(注意这里bridge作动词)[反义] widen the gap
between A and B
203be forced to do sth.be compelled
to do sth.
204keep complaining about sth.grumble about sth.
205try hard to do sth.≈pursue sth.
(one's goal/
one's career/
business interests/
maximum profit/
hegemony)
206do sth.≈ perform/ conduct
(注意这里的perform
不是“表演”而是“从事”)
207do not do sth.refrain from doing sth.
208carry outimplement
209turn…into…convert…to/
into…
210decreasedecline/ dwindle
(特指逐渐缓慢的减少)
/ dip/ slip
(后两个词用来指短促的下降)
211make a crimecommit a crime
(注意作文中不要用make a crime
这样不地道的英文)
212commit a crime againrevert to crime
(这里的crime作不可数名词)
213punishpenalize
214[派生]punishmentpenalty
215spreadpropagate/ disseminate
(这两个词后面经常跟
information/
ideas/
belief这类名词)
216develop fastflourish/
thrive
217develop (这里作“培养”的意思cultivate/
foster/
nurture
(这三个词后面经常跟
和教育有关的名词，
比如an interest
in social issues)
218[相关]fast-developingburgeoning
219acceptadopt(注意这个词
不是adapt适应，
而是接纳，采纳的意思)
220buildconstruct
221gathergarner，但这个词只能
用在很正式的意思，
而且略有贬义，
比如garner funding,
garner support during
the UN climate
conference at Copenhagen
222measuregauge, 比measure
稍正式一点
223teach sth.≈impart sth./
inculcate sth.
(注意如果teach后面是
人则不要替换)
224startinitiate
多用于政府类话题
225supportespouse，
后面跟某种重要的事业，
类似的还有动词champion
(作动词不是冠军的意思了)
和动词sanction
(它作名词则变成了“制裁”)
226praise≈ compliment/
extol
(后面这个语气很强)
227support≈ buttress/
bolster
228prove/ confirmverify
229creategenerate
(一般是大规模的产生，
比如generate employment
opportunities/
generate tax revenue/
electricity)
breed
(一般是产生消极的东西，
比如conflict/ crime/ resentment)
spawn(一般是产生新事物，
比如spawn inventions/
innovations)
230use≈ utilize/exploit
231use…againrecycle
232work hardwork assiduously
233get≈ acquire
(注意acquire/
gain knowledge比
learn knowledge在
地道英文中更加常见)
234considercontemplate/
reflect on/ ponder
235meetencounter，
多用于政府，
文化或者success
这样偏大一些的话题
236provide sth.afford sth.
(在正式英文写作中，
afford经常可以表示“提供”
237needrequire
(注意主语如果是人
称则一般还需要使用need，
但如果主语是事物，
则可以改用require)
238like sth. very much≈ have an affinity for sth./
have a strong
attachment to sth.
239be unhappy aboutcomplain about (v.)/
be discontended with (adj.)
240ask forrequest
241raiseelevate，就是正式版的raise，
但只是“提高”而不能表示
抚养小孩的意思
242look like sth.resemble sth.
243treat…poorlymistreat…/ abuse…
244consider sth. valuablevalue sth./
treasure sth./
cherish sth.
245keep≈ maintain/
preserve
(这个词后面经常跟
traditions/
cultural heritage/
wild animals/
natural resources等)
246mix… togetherblend/ combine/
synthesize
247solvetackle/
combat/
address
248noticediscern
249understand… to mean…/ to be…interpret…as…
(很多时候这个词
并不是口译，
而是把…理解为……)
250choose sth./ choose to do sth.opt for sth./
opt to do sth.
251achievefulfill (one's dream/
one's goal/
one's potential/
one's obligation/
one's promise/
one's task)
252appear in large numberssprout up/
mushroom
253make… less seriousrelieve/
ease/
alleviate
(作文中经常用到的搭配有
relieve stress/
alleviate poverty/
ease the traffic
congestion等)
254pay…for (one's loss)compensate…for…
255pay…for (one's effort)reward…for…
256make sth. fasteraccelerate sth./
speed up sth.
257joinparticipate in
258outweightprevail over
(大家应该已经注意到了，
新托福议论文的题目中
经常出现outweight这个
词用来比较事物的
重要性或者利弊，
在作文中最好不要重复
考题中出现过的特征词汇)
259contribute topromote/ facilitate
(这两个词都是及物动词，
所以不需要跟to)
260prevent the development of…hinder/
impede/
inhibit/
obstruct…
261find out≈ identify
262encourage sb. to…≈motivate sb. to…
263like sth. very muchadore sth.
264dislike sth. very muchabhor/
detest/
loathe
265hateresent/
hold a grudge against
266limitrestrict/
constrain
267avoid≈ bypass/
eschew/
shun
268is not limited to…is not restricted to…/
is not confined to…
(经常用来描述一个
trend不仅限于某个范围)
269be so surprisedbe astonished/
be astounded/
be startled
270decidedetermine
271move to…relocate to…/
have been relocated to…
272come from…originate from/ in…
273improveboost/ enhance
(比如boost solidarity
增进团结/
enhance productivity
提高生产率)
274wasteuse… lavishly
275attackassail
(语气更强烈)
276reducecurtail
(多用于政府投资类话题)/
diminish(多用于文化类或者
发展类中的抽象话题)
277increaseaugment(多用于政府投资类话题)
278helpassist
279help (n.)assistance
280set upestablish
281try to do sth.attempt to do sth.
282try hard to do sth.make a strenuous/
an arduous/
a painstaking
effort to do sth.
283changealter
284change… a lotfundamentally
change…/
radically change…/
transform…
285solveaddress/
combat
286correct (vt.)rectify
(a mistake)
287take downdemolish/ raze
(谈到拆老建筑的时候常用)
288obeyabide by/
comply with/
conform to
(后面跟the law/
rules/ regulations等)
289banban… altogether/
strictly prohibit…
290criticizecondemn/ denounce
(这两个词一般用于政府类话题，
但不要用在教育类)
291increaseshow an upward trend/
be on therise反义：
show a downward trend
292depend onhinge on=
be contingent on
(意思是：取决于 ……)
293depend onrely on
(意思是：依靠……)
294deal withcope with
295do one's best to do sth.commit oneself to doing sth./
strive to do sth./
do one's utmost to do sth./
spare no effort to do sth.
296use upexhaust
(energy/ resources)/
stretch (resources)
to the limit
297report the details of sth.report sth.
In graphic detail
298prevent sb. from focusing on…distract sb. from…
299spend A on B≈ dedicate A to B
300use too much…stretch… to the limit/
put a strain on…
301pourdischarge
(排放，环境类话题常用，
比如discharge chemical
waste into rivers,
streams and lakes)
302get used toget accustomed to
303die outgo extinct
304continue to existpersist
305come with…be attended by /
be accompanied by…
306broaden one's horizonsexpand one's outlook/
enlarge one's vision
(broaden one's horizons
这个句型已经被考生
使用过多惨遭贬值)
307break the lawviolate the law
308put sb. In prisonincarcerate sb.
309make laws against…legislate against…
310[相关]lawlegislation
(名词，注意law在特指具体
的法律时可以用复数，
但是legislation不能用复数)
311make sth. activestimulate
(后面经常跟imagination/
creativity/
interest/
economic growth等词汇)
312make one's dream come truefulfill one's potential/
attain one's goal
313have the right to do sth.be entitled to do sth.
314lead to change inact as a catalyst
for change in…
315stick toadhere to/
cling to
(注意后面这个有时候略带贬义)
316deal with the needmeet the demand/
satisfy the need
317take… away from sb.deprive sb. of…
(省略号中可以填入freedom/
leisure time/
the right to
等值得拥有的内容)
318give sb. the ability toenable sb. to
319get a clear idea ofget a clear
perspective of
320be lostgo astray
(作文中如果写青少年“误入歧途”，
就不要再写get lost)
321spend too much time onbe addicted to/
be preoccupied with/
be obsessed with
(这三个词组的语气越来越强)
322prepare for…pave the way for…/
lay the groundwork for…/
lay a solid foundation for…
(为……打好基础)
323break the balanceupset the balance
324balance A and Bstrike a balance
between A and B
(在A和B之间争取一种平衡)
325catchcapture
326think of… asregard…as/
view…as/
perceive…as
327get rid ofeliminate/
remove
328get rid ofabolish
(多用于政府类话题，废除)
329make… higherdrive up
(后面经常跟the crime rate/
unemployment rate)
副词
330more and more+adj.Increasingly+adj.
但要注意如果后面不是adj.
而是noun,
那么就可以用
an increasing number of
(跟可数名词)/
an increasing amount of
(跟不可数名词)来代替
331mainlyprimarily/
principally/
chiefly
332In the old days,…Traditionally,…/
Historically,…
333now≈ currently
334Actually,…≈ Technically,…
(严格来说它的意思
并不是“事实上”，
但在学术写作中它是一个
表示“精确地说”非常帮的词语)
335very soonimmediately
336not often at allrarely
337completelyentirely
338do sth. without careful thoughtdo sth. Impulsively
339blindlyindiscriminately
(不加选择的)/
mechanically
(机械的)
340only≈ merely
(注意只有a little/
a bit后面跟形容词的
时候才可以这样替换)
341a little/ a bitsomewhat
(注意只有a little/
a bit后面跟形容词的
时候才可以这样替换)
342mainlyprimarily/
principally/
chiefly
短语或句型
343aboutregarding/
concerning/
with respect to/
with regard to
344before…prior to…
345a fewa handful of
(请注意仅指少数时
a couple of
容易被挑剔的考官
判为过于口语化)
346Although…, the real situation is…Hypothetically,…/
Theoretically,…/
In theory/ Ideally,..
.→But in reality, …/
But in actuality,…/
But in practice,…
(Ideally 指“理想化地说”)
347Most young people…Young people tend to…
=Young people typically…
tend to 和typically都是
表示某一类人多半会
怎样做的常用表达)
348needs to be changedis crying out for
reform(固定短语)
349be punished by the lawbe brought to
justice
350do sth. togethermake a concerted
effort to do sth.
351It is common for sb. to…It is standard
practice for sb. to…
352is based on…is predicted on…
353have no choice but to…have no option but
to…/ have no
alternative but to…
354be worth the effortbe worthwhile
355and so onetc.(前面可加逗号)
356become more thanexceed/ surpass
357grow fastgrow dramatically/
soar/
rocket
358fall fastfall drastically/
plunge/
plummet
359much higherconsiderably/
substantially/
significantly higher
360a little highermarginally higher/
slightly higher/
fractionally higher
361is closely connectedis intrinsically
linked to…
362throughby way of (介词短语)
363on the wholeoverall
364because ofdue to/ owing to
(新托福作文中这两个
词组后面经常是跟负
面含义的名词)
365before (时间)prior to
366in this aspectin this regard/
in this respect
(这里不是尊重的意思，而是指某方面)
367despite/ in spite ofnotwithstanding
(请注意这三个词都
是后面不惜紧跟名词
或者名词短语，而不可以
直接跟从句)
368in factas a matter of fact ≈
in essence/
essentially
(in essence/
essentially 的意思是
“本质上”)
369besidesapart from
370about/ aroundapproximately
371It is obvious that…It is evident that…
372sth. stops.sth. comes to a standstill
373be similar to…be akin to…
(学术写作中相当常见的句型)
374A is as … as BB is … A is equally…
375It is impossible that…It is highly
unlikely that…
376A has made B+adj./n.A has rendered B+adj./ n.
(这里的宾语B 后面只能
是跟形容词或者名词)
377A has made B do sth.A has promoted/
impelled sb. to do sth.
(注意这两个词后面的
宾语之后不能省略to)
378sth. does not always remain the same.sth. is not carved in stone
(某事物并非一成不变)
379A high percentage of…The proportion of…
is very high.
(……的比例很高)
380The cause of … is …can be attributed to/
can be ascribed to…
(可以归因于……)
381no matterregardless of/
irrespective of
(注意no matter
后面一般跟从句，
而regardless of
和irrespective of
后面多数时候跟名词
或者名词短语)
382talking about…/ speaking ofin terms of…
(经常用来限制一个命
题的适用范围，比如
In terms of culture,
this city is fascinating.
But in terms of traffic,
it is inferior.)
国庆假期进入倒计时，秋季雅思托福也进入“最后冲刺阶段”啦!单词没背完，没有接受过科学指导?从来没做过一整套题目?一上考场就手忙脚乱，吓出冷汗?那可怎么办啊?宝宝们莫慌，朗阁黄金周刷题班你来啦!顶级名师帮你突破听说读写，考题真题演练，带你冲刺高分!只要1980!报名电话：13584079112
文中图片素材来源网络，如有侵权请联系删除
