6月16日雅思考试阅读回顾

6月16日雅思考试阅读回顾

Passage 1 Tattoo on Tikopia

Passage 2 Culture and Thought

Passage 3 The right of apes

朗阁名师丰爽点评

1. 本次考试难度中等偏上。

2. 整体分析：

涉及历史类（P1）、文化类（P2）、动物类（P3）.

今次三旧，重复2015年1月31日考题

3. 主要题型：

填空题在3篇文章中均有出现，形式有图形填空、表格填空、句子填空及summary选词填空。

此前曾大量出现的配对题此次只有9道，以人名匹配 + 段落信息匹配的形式组合呈现。

判断题照常考了2次。

4.文章分析

Passage 1：Tattoos

讲Polynesian波利尼西亚文化的一个代表，Tikopia island的纹身传统，讲到其制作技艺、工具、象征含义和作用（象征社会地位、财富、忍耐痛苦的能力、对异性的吸引力……）以及文化意义。

题型包括判断（4）、填图（5）、表格填空（4）。

Passage 2：Culture and Thought

研究不同地域的人看法为何不同，文中包括各种实验和比较，同时出现大量人名。

题型：段落信息匹配（5）、人名观点匹配（4）、句子填空（4）

Passage 3： The right of apes

讨论类人猿是否应享受人类的权利。有科学家提出应该享受和人同等权利，并为此做出努力;但实施该观点有很多困难，分析了社会等因素。

题型：summary选词填空（5）、单选（5）、判断（4）。

5. 参考文章及部分答案

Passage 1

Tattoo on Tikopia

A There are still debates about the origins of Polynesian culture, but one thing we can ensure is that Polynesia is not a single tribe but a complex one. Polynesians which includes Marquesans，Samoans, Niueans, Tongans, Cook Islanders, Hawaiians, Tahitians, and Maori, arc genetically linked to indigenous peoples of parts of Southeast Asia. It’s a sub-region of Oceania, comprising of a large grouping of over 1 ,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean, within a triangle that has New Zealand, Hawaii and Easter Island as its corners.

B Polynesian history has fascinated the western world since Pacific cultures were first contacted by European explorers in the late 18th century. The small island of Tikopia, for many people – even for many Solomon Islanders-- is so far away that it seems like a mythical land; a place like Narnia, that magical land in C. S. Lewis, classic, ‘The Chronicles of Narnia’. Maybe because of it —Tikopia, its people, and their cultures have long fascinated scholars, travelers, and casual observers. Like the pioneers Peter Dillion, Dumoni D’Urville and John Colleridge Patterson who visited and wrote about the island in the 1800s, Raymond Firth is one of those people captured by the alluring attraction of Tikopia. As a result, he had made a number of trips to the island since 1920s and recorded his experiences, observations and reflections on Tikopia, its people, cultures and the changes that have occurred.

C While engaged in study of the kinship and religious life of the people of Tikopia, Firth made a few observations on their tattooing. Brief though these notes are they may be worth putting on record as an indication of the sociological setting of the practice in this primitive Polynesian community. The origin of the English word tattoo' actually comes from the Tikopia word 'tatau1. The word for tattoo marks in general is tau, and the operation of tattooing is known as ta tau, ta being the generic term for the act of striking.

D The technique of tattooing was similar throughout Polynesia. Traditional tattoo artists create their indelible tattoos using pigment made from the candlenut or kukui nut. First, they bum the nut inside a bowl made of half a coconut shell. They then scrape out the soot and use a pestle to mix it with liquid. Bluing is sometimes added to counteract the reddish hue of the carbon-based pigment. It also makes the outline of the inscribed designs bolder on the dark skin of tattooing subjects.

E For the instruments used when tattooing, specialists used a range of chisels made from albatross wing bone which were hafted onto a handle which was made from the heart wood of the bush and struck with a mallet. The tattooer began by sketching with charcoal a design on the supine subject, whose skin at that location was stretched taut by one more apprentices. The tattooer then dipped the appropriate points - either a single one or a whole comb into the ink (usually contained in a coconut-shell cup) and tapped it into the subject's skin, holding the blade handle in one hand and tapping it with the other. The blood that usually trickled from the punctures was wiped away either by the tattooer or his apprentice, the latter having also served by restraining a pain-wracked subject from moving, for the operation was inevitably painful a test of fortitude that tattooers sought to shorten by working as fast as possible. In fact, tattoos nearly always festered and often led to sickness - and in some cases death.

F In ancient Polynesian society, nearly everyone was tattooed. It was an integral part of ancient culture and was much more than a body ornament. Tattooing indicated ones genealogy and/or rank in society. It was a sign of wealth, of strength and of the ability to endure pain. Those who went without them were seen as persons of lower social status. As such, chiefs and warriors generally had the most elaborate tattoos. Tattooing was generally begun at adolescence，and would often not be completed for a number of years. Receiving tattoo constituted an important milestone between childhood and adulthood, and was accompanied by many rites and rituals. Apart from signaling status and rank, another reason for the practice in traditional times was to make a person more attractive to the opposite sex.

G The male facial tattoo is generally divided into eight sections of the face. The center of the forehead designated a person's general rank. The area around the brows designated his position. The area around the eyes and the nose designated his hapu, or sub-tribe rank. The area around the temples served to detail his marital status, like the number of marriages. The area under the nose displayed his signature. This signature was once memorized by tribal chiefs who used it when buying property, signing deeds, and officiating orders. The cheek area designated the nature of the person's work. The chin area showed the person's mana. Lastly, the jaw area designated a person's birth status.

H A person's ancestry is indicated on each side of the face. The left side is generally the The left side is generally the father's side，and the right side was the mother's. The manutahi design is worked on the men s back. It consists of two vertical lines drawn down the spine, with short vertical lines between them. When a man had the manutahi on his back, he took pride in himself. At gatherings of the peoplehe could stand forth in their midst and display his tattoo designs with songs. And rows of triangles design on the men's chest indicate his bravery.

I Tattoo was a way delivering information of its owner. It’s also a traditional method to fetch spiritual power, protection and strength. The Polynesians use this as a sign of character, position and levels in a hierarchy. Polynesian peoples believe that a person’s mana, their spiritual power or life force, is displayed through their tattoo.

答案：

1.        YES

2.        NO

3.        NOT GIVEN

4.        YES

5.        coconut shell

6.        soot

7.        liquid

8.        heart wood

9.        wing bone

10.     (the) forehead

11.     Chin (area)

12.     Mother’s ancestry

13.     Vertical lines

14.     Triangles

Passage 2

参考阅读C5T3P3 The Return of Artificial Intelligence

先做人名配对和句子填空，对文章的架构和内容有一定了解后再做段落细节配对。同时注意这两类题型在顺序定位上的作用。

Passage 3

参考阅读C7T3P1 Ant Intelligence

考试预测

1.   今次考试可算作是填空题的一次回归，图表类的填空都不难，summary选词填空重点考察同义替换，可以根据语义和语法条件在wordlist中进行筛选和排除。下次考试可能依然以填空、判断和配对为主，尝试练习一篇中多种类型配对的技巧。近期考试旧题频现，建议大家投入多一些关注给13-15年的机经

2.   下场考试的话题可能有关心理、教育、科技类。