6月25日雅思考试阅读回顾

6月25日雅思考试阅读回顾

Passage 1 Green Sahara

Passage 2 Photography and Artists

Passage 3 Evolutionary psychology

朗阁讲师丰爽点评

1.   本次考试难度中等。

2. 整体分析：

涉及历史考古类（P1）、艺术类（P2）、认知心理类（P3）.

本次考试重复2012年6月16日考题

3. 主要题型：

判断题和summary填空on the rise，各自出现在全部三篇文章的考察中。（summary考了2道原词，1个选项型）；

选择题出现1组5个。

4.文章分析

Passage 1：Green Sahara

在撒哈拉沙漠偶然发现人类残骸，通过牙齿和肌肉等研究其时的饮食、生活方式等。

题型：判断+ 短问答+ summary填空

Passage 2：Photography and Artists

介绍摄影的历史，面对摄影是否是艺术的意见，出现了不同的态度。一种人像画油画一样追求某种艺术效果，或者对照片进行再创作；另一些人则觉得照片是一种纪 实的艺术。和油画相比，照片的特点在于它能后捕捉瞬间的表情，所以后来印象主义（impressionism）和现实主义（realism）画家都受到了 其艺术影响。

题型：段落信息配对 + summary填空 + 判断

Passage 3：Evolutionary psychology

达尔文的理论在当今business environment中的各种分析，人们的思想not well-prepared for modern life，依然倾向于用情感印象去评价别人而非理性；MBA的学生对此提出了质疑。

题型：多选 + 判断 + 选项型summary

5. 参考文章及部分答案

Passage 1

Human Remain on Green Sahara

A On October 13,2,000, a small team of palaeontologists led by Paul Sereno of the University of Chicago clambered out of three battered Land Rovers, filled their water bottles, and scattered on foot across the toffee-colored sands of the Tenere desert in northern Niger. The Tenere，on the southern flank of the Sahara, easily ranks among the most desolate landscapes on Earth. The Tuareg，turbaned nomads who for centuries have ruled this barren realm, refer to it as a “desert within a desert”a California-size ocean of sand and rock, where a single massive dune might stretch a hundred miles, and the combination of 120-degree heat and inexorable winds can wick the water from a human body in less than a day. The harsh conditions, combined with intermittent conflict between the Tuareg and the Niger government, have kept the region largely unexplored.

B Mike Hettwer, a photographer accompanying the team, headed off by himself toward a trio of small dunes. He crested the first slope and stared in amazement. The dunes were spilling over with bones. He took a few shots with his digital camera and hurried back to the Land Rovers. ‘I found some bones:' Hettwer said, when the team had regrouped. "But they're not dinosaurs. They're human."

C In the spring of 2005 Sereno contacted Elena Garcea, an archaeologist at the University of Cassino, in Italy, inviting her to accompany him on a return to the site. Garcea had spent three decades working digs along the Nile in Sudan and in the mountains of the Libyan Desert, and was well acquainted with the ancient peoples of the Sahara. But she had never heard of Paul Sereno. His claim to have found so many skeletons in one place seemed farfetched, given that no other Neolithic cemetery contained more than a dozen or so. Some archaeologists would later be skeptical; one sniped that he was just a “moonlighting paleontologist." But Garcea was too intrigued to dismiss him as an interloper. She agreed to join him.

D Garcea explained that the Kiffian were a fishing-based culture and lived during the earliest wet period, between 8,000 and 10,000 years ago. She held a Kiffian sherd next to a Tenerian one. “What is so amazing is that the people who made these two pots lived more than a thousand years apart.

E Over the next three weeks, Sereno and Garcea-- along with five American excavators, five Tuareg guides, and five soldiers from Niger's army, sent to protect the camp from bandits-- made a detailed map of the site, which they dubbed Gobero, after the Tuareg name for the area. They exhumed eight burials and collected scores of artifacts from both cultures. In a dry lake bed adjacent to t he dunes, they found dozens of fishhooks and harpoons carved from animal bone. Apparently the Kiffian fishermen weren't just going after small fry: Scattered near the dunes were the remains of Nile perch, a beast of a fish that can weigh nearly 300 pounds, as well as crocodile and hippo bones.

F Sereno flew home with the most important skeletons and artifacts and immediately began planning for the next field season. In the meantime, he carefully removed one tooth from each of four skulls and sent them to a lab for radiocarbon dating. The results pegged the age of the tightly bundled burials at roughly 9,000 years old, the heart of the Kiffian era. The smaller “sleeping” skeletons turned out to be about 6,000 years old, well within the Tenerian period. At least now the scientists knew who was who.

G In the fall of 2006 they returned to Gobero, accompanied by a larger dig crew and six additional scientists. Garcea hoped to excavate some 80 burials, and the team began digging. As the skeletons began to emerge from the dunes, each presented a fresh riddle, especially the Tenerian. A male skeleton had been buried with a finger in his mouth.

H Even at the site, Arizona State University bioarchaeologist Chris Stojanowski could begin to piece together some clues. Judging by the bones, the Kiffian appeared to be a peaceful, hardworking people. “The lack of head and forearm injuries suggests they weren't doing much fighting,”he told me. “And these guys were strong.”He pointed to a long，narrow ridge running along a femur. “That’s the muscle attachment，”he said. “This individual had huge leg muscles, which means he was eating a lot of protein and had a strenuous lifestyle-- both consistent with a fishing way of life.” For contrast, he showed me the femur of a Tenerian male. The ridge was barely perceptible. “This guy had a much less strenuous lifestyle,” he said, “which you might expect of a herder."

I Stojanowski's assessment that the Tenerian were herders fits the prevailing view among scholars of life in the Sahara 6,000 years ago, when drier conditions favored herding over hunting. But if the Tenerian were herders, Sereno pointed out, where were the herds? Among the hundreds of animal bones that had turned up at the site, none belonged to goats or sheep, and only three came from a cow species. “It’s not unusual for a herding culture not to slaughter their cattle, particularly in a cemetery，M Garcea responded, noting that even modem pastoralists, such as Niger’s Wodaabe, are loath to butcher even one animal in their herd. Perhaps, Sereno reasoned, the Tenerian at Gobero were a transitional group that had not fully adopted herding and still relied heavily on hunting and fishing.

J Back in Arizona, Stojanowski continues to analyze the Gobero bones for clues to the Green Saharans’health and diet. Other scientists are trying to derive DNA from the teeth, which could reveal the genetic origins of the Kiffian and Tenerian —and possibly link them to descendants living today. Sereno and Garcea estimate a hundred burials remain to be excavated. But as the harsh Tenere winds continue to erode the dunes, time is running out. “Every archaeological site has a life cycle，”Garcea said. “It begins when people begin to use the place, followed by disuse, then nature takes over, and finally it is gone. Gobero is at the end of its life.”

答案：

1.        TRUE

2.        FALSE

3.        NOT GIVEN

4.        a map

5.        radiocarbon dating

6.        9000 years

7.        teeth

8.        peaceful

9.        injuries

10.     protein

11.     strenuous

12.     hunting

13.     cow species

14.     transitional

Passage 2

先做是非无判断和填空题，最后处理段落信息配对题（尽管它出现在第一题型）。该题型通常完全乱序并伴有大幅度同义替换，利用信息点可能重复考的特点，可以把此题放最后来做。

参考阅读：剑6T3P1

Passage 3

部分参考答案：

第一组是5个选择题，第一题问作者写第一段的目的是什么，选：解释evolutionary psychology。第二题说第三段怎样，第四题问作者的预测，第五题问这篇的heading, 看4个选项觉得origin of work behaviours比较靠谱。第二组是是非无判断题，第一个问作者是不是在一本书里详细说明了他的理论，应该是YES。第二题问文章第一段的Tobby 和另一个人说的话证明我们的思想is well-prepared for modern life, 应该是NO, 因为他们的话是“our modern skull stores a Stone Age mind". 第三题是问科技导致更多emotional problems in work place, 应该是NG。第四题问现在的人更加trusting, 应该是NO，因为文章里说人们更self-determined。

考试预测

1.   今次考试填空题继续回归，不同类型的填空题技巧练熟，这是拿分项目。注意summary选词填空可采取POE（Process of Elimination）对于词库中单词进行分析和排除，这既有词性层面的，也有含义/常识层面的。

2.   下场考试可能依然以填空、判断为主，配对题虽然在降温但这并不意味着难度下降，尝试练习一篇中多种类型配对的技巧。

3.   近期考试旧题频现，建议大家投入多一些关注给12、15年的机经.

4.   下场考试的话题可能有关教育、制造、健康类。