定语从句在雅思小作文中的运用(二)

　　定语从句在雅思小作文中的运用(二)

　　b.流程图中的定语从句

　　The diagram below shows the process by which bricks are manufactured for the building industry.(最新雅思高分范文p112)

　　例句9：Diggers are used to collect lumps of clay, which are then put through a metal grid in order to be broken up into much smaller ones.

　　解析：这句话描述的是土块首先被挖掘机收集好，然后土块会被放在金属格子上从而土块被分解得更为细小。可以拆成两句理解：

　　① Diggers are used to collect lumps of clay.

　　② The lumps of clay are then put through a metal grid in order to be broken up into much smaller ones.

　　后句的主语就是前句末尾的宾语，因此两句可以合二为一，即后句的The lumps of clay可以用关系代词which来指代上句，合并为复杂句：Diggers are used to collect lumps of clay, which are then put through a metal grid in order to be broken up into much smaller ones.

　　例句10：Bricks are sent to a kiln，where/ in which they are heated at a moderate temperature between 200℃ and 980℃.

　　解析：这句话描述的是砖块被送至窑内加热，温度为200℃到 980℃。很多考生看到这一步骤可能会写成Bricks are heated in a kiln at a moderate temperature between 200℃ and 980℃. 但是若过多的这样的简单句，会造成于是较为单一。

　　因此，在遇到流程图中某些步骤是在一定地点，如容器，烤箱或工厂等，那么可以考虑将这种地点名词作为先行词，后面用where或者介词+which引导的定语从句来补充所发生的具体操作。这个句子可以拆分为：

　　① Bricks are sent to a kiln.

　　② In the kiln, bricks are heated at a moderate temperature between 200℃ and 980℃.

　　例句11：Bricks are cooled in a chamber for 48-72 hours, after which they are packaged and delivered to the market.

　　解析：这句话描述的是砖块被冷却48到72小时，在这之后它们被打包及传送到市场。这句话可拆分为：

　　① Bricks are cooled in a chamber for 48-72 hours.

　　② After that, they are packaged and delivered to the market.

　　两个步骤为先后关系，在流程图中也普遍存在这样的关系，用after which引导的从句可以指代前一句话。

　　c.地图中的定语从句

　　The two maps below show an island, before and after the construction of some tourist facilities.(剑9 test1)

　　例句12：In the west of the island is a circle of accommodation, which is connected by a footpath.

　　解析：这句描述的是在岛的西边有一圈住宅，并且有步行小道连接着这些住宅。

　　可以拆成两句理解：

　　① In the west of the island is a circle of accommodation.

　　② The accommodation is connected by a footpath.

　　后一句话的accommodation就是前一句中的表语部分，因此直接可以通过which指代合并为一句In the west of the island is a circle of accommodation, which is connected by a footpath.

　　例句13：The vehicle track also goes down to the pier, where people can go sailing in the south sea of the island.

　　解析：这句描述的是车道会一直延伸到码头，在码头人们可以做帆船运动。

　　可以拆成两句理解：

　　① The vehicle track also goes down to the pier.

　　② In the pier, people can go sailing in the south sea of the island.

　　第二句话是对前一句话的地方进一步补充，因此可以通过where进行补充说明。模仿此句可以写出更多的句子，例如：The footpath is extended to the beach, where a designated swimming area is prepared for tourists.

　　例句14：The palm trees in the east remain the same, to the west of which another circle of accommodation is constructed for holding more visitors.

　　解析：这句描述的是西边的椰子树保持原样，在这些树的西边新建了另一圈住宅来容纳更多的游客。可以拆成两句理解：

　　① The palm trees in the east remain the same.

　　② To the west of the palm trees another circle of accommodation is constructed for holding more visitors

　　在地图中，当两个对象的方位比较相关时可以用方位介词词组+which的方式来连接两个单句。类似的句子还有：Several buildings have been constructed, in the vicinity of which there are two car parks.

　　三、定语从句使用中的注意事项

　　虽然定语从句的使用可以丰富文章语言，但是过度的使用也可能造成冗余。朗阁海外考试研究中心的老师发现在考生的作文中常常会出现一些冗长的句子。我们来看一些例子：

　　题目：The pie chart shows the main reason why agricultural land becomes less productive. The table shows how these causes affected three regions of the world during the 1990s.

　　例1.The percentage of land degradation in Europe was largest, which was 23%.

　　本句意为：欧洲的土地恶化的百分比是最高的，比例为23%。which was 在这里虽然没有语法错误，但是仅仅补充了一个数据，便使句子显得罗嗦。若改为The percentage of land degradation in Europe was largest, at 23%，这样会更简洁地道。

　　例2.23% of land was degraded in Europe, which was 10% higher than that in Oceania.

　　本句意为：欧洲有23%的土地被恶化，比大洋洲高出10%。此句的问题同上个例子一样，较为罗嗦。在更多的高分范文中我们更常见的句子是将which was省略：23% of land was degraded in Europe, 10% higher than that in Oceania.

　　类似的句子还有倍数表达：23% of land was degraded in Europe, which was more than four times the figure for Oceania.此句中的which was应该省略简化为： 23% of land was degraded in Europe, more than four times the figure for Oceania.

　　例3. Europe had the highest percentage of land degraded, which was followed by the figure in Oceania.

　　本句意为：欧洲的土地恶化的百分比是最高的，仅次于它的是大洋洲。which was followed by 已被大量学生记为固定模板句型，但是在小作文的写作中which was 被省略会更常见，此句可简化为：

　　Europe had the highest percentage of land degraded, followed by the figure in Oceania.

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