2019年4月13日雅思阅读考题回顾

　　P1 The Adolescent

　　P2 失眠

　　P3 社会历史学：social history

　　朗阁讲师刘艳艳点评

　　1. 本次考试难度偏高。

　　2. 整体分析：涉及心理学(P1/P2)、社科类(P3)

　　3. 主要题型：本次考试第一篇就出现了配对题中比较小的类型且题量比较大：分类配对和句首配句尾的类型，整体上增大了难度。其他题型包括填空题(其中包括词库summary)，判断题，和选择题(单选)。

　　4. P1 The Adolescent

　　题型搭配： 分类配对+ 句首配句尾 + 判断题

　　参考答案：待补充

　　1. B

　　2. B

　　3. A

　　4. A

　　5. C

　　6 B

　　7. E

　　8. C

　　9. A

　　10. D

　　11. F

　　12. T

　　13. T

　　阅读原文及题目参考：

　　The Adolescents

　　A The American Academy of Pediatrics recognizes three stages of adolescence. There are early, middle and late adolescence, and each has its own developmental tasks. Teenagers move through these tasks at their own speed depending on their physical development and hormone levels. Although these stages are common to all teenagers, each child will go through them in his or her own highly individual ways.

　　B During the early years young people make the first attempts to leave the dependent, secure role of a child and to establish themselves as unique individuals, independent of their parents. Early adolescence is marked by rapid physical growth and maturation. The focus of adolescents' self-concepts are thus often on their physical self and their evaluation of their physical acceptability. Early adolescence is also a period of intense conformity to peers. 'Getting along.' not being different, and being accepted seem somehow pressing to the early adolescent. The worst possibility, from the view of the early adolescent, is to be seen by peers as 'different.'

　　C Middle adolescence is marked by the emergence of new thinking skills. The intellectual world of the young person is suddenly greatly expanded. Their concerns about peers are more directed toward their opposite sexed peers. It is also during this period that the move to establish psychological independence from one's parents accelerates. Delinquency behavior may emerge since parental views are no longer seen as absolutely correct by adolescents. Despite some delinquent behavior, middle adolescence is a period during which young people are oriented toward what is right and proper. They are developing a sense of behavioral maturity and learning to control their impulsiveness.

　　D Late adolescence is marked be the final preparations for adult roles. The developmental demands of late adolescence often extend into the period that we think of as young adulthood. Late adolescents attempt to crystallize their vocational goals and to establish sense of personal identity. Their needs for peer approval are diminished and they are largely psychologically independent from their parents. The shift to adulthood is nearly complete.

　　E Some years ago, Professor Robert Havighurst of the University of Chicago proposed that stages in human development can best be thought of in terms of the developmental tasks that are part of the normal. He identified eleven developmental tasks associated with the adolescent transition. One developmental task an adolescent needs to achieve is to adjust to a new physical sense of self. At no other time since birth does an individual undergo such rapid and profound physical changes as during early adolescence. Puberty is marked by sudden rapid growth in height and weight. Also, the young person experiences the emergence and accentuation of those physical traits that make him or her a boy or a girl. The effect of this rapid change is that the young adolescent often becomes focused on his or her body.

　　F Before adolescence, children's thinking is dominated by a need to have a concrete example for any problem that they solve. Their thinking is constrained to what is real and physical. During adolescence, young people begin to recognize and understand abstractions. The adolescent must adjust to increased cognitive demands at school. Adults see high school in part as a place where adolescents prepare for adult roles and responsibilities and in part as preparatory for further education. School curricula are frequently dominated by inclusion of more abstract, demanding material, regardless of whether the adolescents have achieved formal thought. Since not all adolescents make the intellectual transition at the same rate, demands for abstract thinking prior to achievement of that ability may be frustrating.

　　G During adolescence, as teens develop increasingly complex knowledge systems and a sense of self, they also adopt an integrated set of values and morals. During the early stages of moral development, parents provide their child with a structured set of rules of what is right and wrong, what is acceptable and unacceptable. Eventually the adolescent must assess the parents' values as they come into conflict with values expressed by peers and other segments of society. To reconcile differences, the adolescent restructures those beliefs into a personal ideology.

　　H The adolescent must develop expanded verbal skills. As adolescents mature intellectually, as they face increased school demands, and as they prepare for adult roles, they must develop new verbal skills to accommodate more complex concepts and tasks. Their limited language of childhood is no longer adequate. Adolescents may appear less competent because of their inability to express themselves meaningfully.

　　I The adolescent must establish and psychological independence from his or her parents. Childhood is marked by strong dependence on one's parents. Adolescents may yearn to keep that safe, secure, supportive, dependent relationship. Yet, to be an adult implies a sense of independence, of autonomy, of being one's own person. Adolescents may vacillate between their desire for dependence and their need to be independent. In an attempt to assert their need for independence and individuality, adolescents may respond with what appears to be hostility and lack of cooperation.

　　J Adolescents do not progress through these multiple developmental tasks separately. At any given time, adolescents may be dealing with several. Further, the centrality of specific developmental tasks varies with early, middle, and late periods of the transition.

　　Questions 1-6

　　Matching the following characteristics with the correct stages of the adolescents. Write the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.

　　A. early adolescence

　　B. middle adolescence

　　C. later adolescence

　　1. interested in the opposite sex

　　2. exposure to danger

　　3. the same as others

　　4. beginning to form individual thinking without family context

　　5. less need approval of friends

　　6. intellectual booming

　　Questions 7-10

　　Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-F, below.

　　Write the correct letters, A-F, in boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet.

　　7. One of Havighurst's research

　　8. High school courses

　　9. Adolescence is time when young people

　　10. The developmental speed of thinking patterns

　　List of the statements

　　A. form personal identity with a set of moral and values.

　　B. develops a table and productive peer relationships.

　　C. are designed to be more challenging than some can accept.

　　D. varies from people to people.

　　E. focuses on creating self image.

　　F. become an extension of their parents.

　　Questions 11-13

　　Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

　　In boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet, write

　　TRUE if the statement is true

　　FALSE if the statement is false

　　NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

　　11. The adolescent lacks the ability of thinking abstractly.

　　12. Adolescents may have deficit in their language ability.

　　13. The adolescent experiences a transition from reliance on his parents to independence.

　　5. P2：失眠

　　14-26参考答案：待补充

　　6. P3 社会历史学social history

　　27-40参考答案：待补充

　　考试预测

　　1. 本次考试难度高于平均值，再次上了热搜。其中Passage3大部分考生普遍反应文章科普专业性较强，但整体题目难度适中。Passage1中本次不再是常规的判断+填空模式，这会让一部分基础不太好的学生有点措手不及。因此也提醒大家注意在平常除了练习常规题型组合外，适当适应难度较高的3个及3个以上非填空+判断的组合形式，以适应考试节奏。另外，平时练习过程中注意控制时间，归纳总结时要多注意分析出题句的结构并注意出题句和题干同义转换的对应。下场考试，大家依然要注意的是三大主流必考题型：填空，判断，配对，其中配对题中段落细节配对 和人名观点配对这两种是大家比较熟悉的，可适当多练习一些本场考试出现了频率较低的其他细节类配对。除此之外，选择题/段落小标题也是高分目标的同学不可忽略的。

　　2. 下场考试的话题可能有关自然科学，教育和社科类等。

　　3. 重点浏览13-16年机经。

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